High-intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) testing ensures all aspects of electrical wiring, installations, and aircraft-level systems are safe for operation so the aircraft can still fly. The aircraft design must meet specific Federal Aviation Association (FAA) regulations and guidelines related to EMC to achieve safety compliance (Fig.1). It is important to notice that this always applies to both conducted as well as radiated EM noise.įigure 1: Aerospace regulatory standards related to EMCĪircraft regulatory standards and compliance To avoid EMC issues, engineers have the option to either reduce the EM noise source or to optimize the transfer path, allowing minimal transfer of EM energy, or to increase the EM shielding at the receptor side. These victims are susceptible to EM interference either at the pins of the system (current of voltages) or susceptible through the application of EM fields and waves, directly applied to the electronic system. Examples of victims can be avionics systems, radar systems, sensors, etc. An example of transfer paths is the electrical wire harness or the fuselage, depending on the material where metallic components will easily transmit energy due to electric current flowing through the system.įinally, some electronic systems are to be classified as receptors, sometimes also referred to as ‘victims’. Other systems can be classified as ‘transfer paths’: once the EM noise has entered such systems, it can be easily transmitted throughout the entire system. Some components can be classified as ‘emitters’: these will emit EM noise either through conduction (going into the wiring system) or through radiation (going into the air). These different use cases have one thing in common: one should guarantee that safety-critical systems do not fail due to EMC/EMI.įor an engineer, it is key to understand the critical components for EMC as early as possible in the product design cycle. When it comes to complying with EMC requirements for aircraft development, there are different cases to consider: from high-intensity radiated field (HIRF), indirect effects of lightning (IEL) to the particular EMC challenges caused by electrification. This article discusses EMC engineering challenges and solutions for an electrified unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). System electrification, including electrified propulsion, being one of the major trends in the industry, comes with challenges related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). In the current context of aircraft electrification, the aerospace industry needs to address increased design complexity and higher levels of integration, which can easily impact program cost and product time-to-market. EMC is more critical now than ever due to advancements in electrical, electronic, and mechanical systems design.
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